According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Department of Labor (DOL) statistics, more than 130 workers have been killed and 780 injured in combustible dust explosions in the last 30 years. In 2008, a dust explosion killed 14 workers in a Georgia sugar factory, which resulted in more than $8 million in fines from OSHA.
Combustible dust is a particularly dangerous hazard because it can be hard to see and comes from many different sources. Recent fatalities have drawn attention to the issue, and OSHA is currently conducting stakeholder meetings to discuss implementing strict regulations pertaining to combustible dust. In addition, OSHA put in place a combustible dust national emphasis program following the sugar factory catastrophe.
Since OSHA has its gaze set on combustible dust, now is a good time to learn whether your business is at risk and what actions you can take to prevent accidents and costly fines.
In short, combustible dusts are solids that are ground into extremely fine particles, suspended in air and easily ignite under certain conditions. Explosions can be exceptionally powerful because in some workplaces, and without proper housekeeping procedures, combustible dust can be suspended over vast areas of the workplace. Solids ground into slightly larger particles, such as chips, chunks and flakes, are also at risk of combustion when they become suspended.
Another reason combustible dust is particularly hazardous is because it is present in a vast number of workplaces. The most common types of combustible dust include:
• Metals, particularly aluminum and magnesium
• Wood
• Plastic and rubber
• Coal
• Biosolids
• Other organic dust like sugar, flour, paper and soap
• Certain textile materials
Businesses in the following industries have the greatest need to be aware of combustible dust hazards and develop safety and awareness plans:
• Agriculture
• Food products
• Chemicals
• Textiles
• Forest and furniture products
• Metal processing
• Tire/rubber manufacturing
• Paper products manufacturing
• Pharmaceuticals
• Wastewater treatment
• Recycling operations
• Coal handling/processing
Any number of things can ignite a cloud of combustible dust, including electrostatic discharge, friction, equipment arcing, hot surfaces and fire. The wide range of ignition sources illustrates the need to engage in good housekeeping practices because many of the sources are uncontrollable. Post-explosion, it is often impossible to pinpoint a source. In these cases, the explosions are often attributed to static electricity.
Poor or inadequate ventilation can also be a problem in facilities susceptible to combustible dust. Take the following measures to ensure your system is up to par.
• Make sure dust collectors, ductwork and other containers are equipped with the popular explosion prevention and mitigation controls.
• Make sure ventilation is sufficient for the size of the room or space it serves.
• Have design information on dust collection systems readily available to prove compliance and good faith efforts if necessary.
• Listen to all warning signs or alerts that equipment may not be functioning properly.
• Eliminate all ignition sources from areas of high susceptibility.
• Find out whether electrical equipment in the area is specially designed for use in a hazardous location.
OSHA has the authority to issue citations for several violations as they relate to combustible dusts that expand far beyond proper housekeeping. Reference the list below to ensure you have all your bases covered in case of an inspection.
• General duty clause violations
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) violations
• Process safety management (PSM) violations
• Electrical violations
• Hazard communication violations
• Powered industrial truck violations
• Welding, cutting and brazing violations
• Warning sign violations
• Egress violations
• Fire protection violations
Click
here to access OSHA’s safety and health topic section on combustible dust, and
contact CLG with any further questions or concerns